Description: This paper discusses the binominal financial and insurance models. In addition, the paper expands the discussion to the martingale probabilities measures for insurances, annuities, endowment insurances, and equity-linked products.

Description: Equity-indexed annuities [EIA's] are the fastest growing annuity products. An appealing feature of an EIA to its holder is that it contains path-dependent options which allow the policyholder to participate in favorable investment performance while maintaining a minimum guarantee on the benefit level. Studying the valuation problem of path-dependent options enables us to provide needed information to insurance companies on the costs of these options as well as investment strategy for their portfolios. The martingale approach by Gerber and Shiu [1994, 1996] enables us to solve some valuation problems in option pricing without knowing deep results in stochastic calculus such as the Reflection Principle and Girsanov Theorem. What is needed is the Laplace transform of certain distributions known by actuaries. This paper shows how to use Gerber and Shiu's approach to compute two defective density functions related to double barrier hitting probabilities of a geometric Brownian motion. The approach used here is simple and straightforward, and purely analytical. The authors then apply the formulas to value some exotic options whose payoffs are contingent on barrier hitting time.

Description: This paper reviews the current state of the AIDS epidemic and the impact on non-drug-using heterosexuals. This paper shows that for most heterosexuals, the risk of becoming infected with the AIDS virus by sexual contact is insignificant compared with many other risks of life. The paper presents some recommendations for AIDS education and other perspectives. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1992, Vol. 44.

Description: This paper presents an approach in which a defective renewal equation is solved in terms of a related compound geometric distribution. The advantage of this approach is discussed. The authors then apply this approach to a defective renewal equation which involves the time of ruin, the surplus before ruin and the total deficit at the time of ruin. They show how to compute the moments of the time of ruin as well as the joint distribution of the surplus before ruin and the deficit at the time of ruin. Two important cases in terms of claim size distributions are considered in detail. First, the authors consider exponential claim size distributions. They then consider a combination of two exponentials. The moments of the time of ruin are given in both cases.

Description: This presentation discussed the Copula Methodology, which is the most popular methodology in multivariate modeling in finance and insurance. The definition, advantages, limitations, and uses of the Copula Methodology were presented. Some other multivariate models were discussed as well. From Actuarial Research Clearing House, 2012, Vol. 1.

Description: This research report introduces Delta Boosting as a new member of the boosting family.